Glaucomatous optic neuropathy implies loss of neural tissue, activation of glial cells, tissue
remodeling, and change of blood flow. The blood flow reduction is not only secondary but
has a primary component. Activation of astrocytes leads to an altered microenvironment. An
unstable ocular perfusion, either due to IOP fluctuation or a disturbed autoregulation (due to
primary vascular dysregulation syndrome) leads to a mild reperfusion injury. The superoxide
(O2−) anion produced in the mitochondria of the axons, fuses with the nitric oxide (NO) …