[HTML][HTML] TLR engagement prevents transplantation tolerance

L Chen, T Wang, P Zhou, L Ma, D Yin, J Shen… - American Journal of …, 2006 - Elsevier
In many experimental models, heart, pancreas and kidney allografts are accepted long-term
following costimulation-targeting therapies, whereas skin, lung and intestine resist the
induction of tolerance under the same regimens. We noted that a common feature of the
resistant organs is their constant exposure to commensal microbes and hypothesized that
these microorganisms may stimulate Toll-like receptors (TLRs), promote alloresponses and
prevent tolerance induction. This hypothesis prompts the predictions that TLR engagement …