[HTML][HTML] Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men

RM Grant, JR Lama, PL Anderson… - … England Journal of …, 2010 - Mass Medical Soc
RM Grant, JR Lama, PL Anderson, V McMahan, AY Liu, L Vargas, P Goicochea, M Casapía…
New England Journal of Medicine, 2010Mass Medical Soc
Background Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for
the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Methods We randomly
assigned 2499 HIV-seronegative men or transgender women who have sex with men to
receive a combination of two oral antiretroviral drugs, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate (FTC–TDF), or placebo once daily. All subjects received HIV testing, risk-reduction
counseling, condoms, and management of sexually transmitted infections. Results The study …
Background
Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition.
Methods
We randomly assigned 2499 HIV-seronegative men or transgender women who have sex with men to receive a combination of two oral antiretroviral drugs, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC–TDF), or placebo once daily. All subjects received HIV testing, risk-reduction counseling, condoms, and management of sexually transmitted infections.
Results
The study subjects were followed for 3324 person-years (median, 1.2 years; maximum, 2.8 years). Of these subjects, 10 were found to have been infected with HIV at enrollment, and 100 became infected during follow-up (36 in the FTC–TDF group and 64 in the placebo group), indicating a 44% reduction in the incidence of HIV (95% confidence interval, 15 to 63; P=0.005). In the FTC–TDF group, the study drug was detected in 22 of 43 of seronegative subjects (51%) and in 3 of 34 HIV-infected subjects (9%) (P<0.001). Nausea was reported more frequently during the first 4 weeks in the FTC–TDF group than in the placebo group (P<0.001). The two groups had similar rates of serious adverse events (P=0.57).
Conclusions
Oral FTC–TDF provided protection against the acquisition of HIV infection among the subjects. Detectable blood levels strongly correlated with the prophylactic effect. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00458393.)
The New England Journal Of Medicine