The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with various cardiovascular
manifestations. These include accelerated atherosclerosis, valvular heart disease,
intracardiac thrombi, myocardial and pericardial involvement, cerebral and peripheral
vascular disease, and premature restenosis of vein grafts and coronary stents. This article
reviews the prevalence and proposed mechanisms of the various cardiovascular diseases
associated with APS. It concludes with a discussion of current recommendations for …