The utilisation of nonviral gene delivery methods has been increasing st-eadily, however, a drawback has been the relative low efficiency of gene transfer with naked DNA compared with viral delivery methods. Invivo electroporation, which has previously been used clinically to deliver chemotherapeutic agents, also enhances the delivery of plasmid DNA and has been used to deliver plasmids to several tissue types, particularly muscle and tumour. Recently, a large number of preclinical studies for a variety of therapeutic modalities have demonstrated the potential of electrically mediated gene transfer. Although clinical trials using gene transfer with invivo electroporation have not as yet been realised, the tremendous growth of this technology suggests that the first trials will soon be initiated.