Respiratory rhythm generation in neonatal and adult mammals: the hybrid pacemaker–network model

JC Smith, RJ Butera Jr, N Koshiya, C Del Negro… - Respiration …, 2000 - Elsevier
We review a new unified model of respiratory rhythm generation—the hybrid pacemaker–
network model. This model represents a comprehensive synthesis of cellular and network
mechanisms that can theoretically account for rhythm generation in different functional
states, from the most reduced states in the neonatal nervous system in vitro to the intact adult
system in vivo. The model incorporates a critical neuronal kernel consisting of a network of
excitatory neurons with state-dependent, oscillatory bursting or pacemaker properties. This …