BACKGROUND:

Spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation is gaining increasing importance during intensive care but is depressed by narcotics, such as opioids. Serotonin 1A-receptor (5-HT 1A-R) agonists have been shown to antagonize opioid-induced ventilatory depression, but both enhancement and attenuation of nociceptive reflexes have been found with different experimental models. To clarify contradictory findings, we simultaneously determined dose-response functions of the standard 5-HT 1A-R-agonist 8-OH-DPAT and two different opioids for spontaneous ventilation and nociception. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) 8-OH-DPAT at a dose to stimulate spontaneous breathing does not activate nociceptive reflexes. 2) 8-OH-DPAT does not diminish opioid-induced antinociception.

METHODS:

(A) A dose-response relationship of 8-OH-DPAT, spontaneous phrenic nerve activity and a nociceptive C-fiber reflex (CFR) were established simultaneously in an in situ perfused, nonanesthetized, rat brainstem-spinal cord preparation.(B) Fentanyl was administered in situ to investigate the interaction with 8-OH-DPAT on phrenic nerve activity and nociceptive CFR. Additional experiments involved the selective 5-HT 1A-R-antagonist WAY 100 635 to exclude effects of receptors other than 5-HT 1A-R.(C) The effects of 8-OH-DPAT on spontaneous ventilation and nociceptive tail-flick reflex with and without morphine were verified in in vivo anesthetized rats.

RESULTS:

Low-dose 8-OH-DPAT (0.001 and 0.01 μM in situ, 0.1 μg/kg in vivo) enhanced nociceptive reflexes but did not activate spontaneous ventilation. On the contrary, high doses of 8-OH-DPAT (1 μM in situ and 10–100 μg/kg in vivo) stimulated ventilation, whereas nociceptive CFR amplitude in situ returned to baseline and tail-flick reflex was depressed in vivo. Opioid-induced ventilatory depression was antagonized by 8-OH-DPAT (1 μM in situ, and 10 μg/kg in vivo), whereas antinociception sustained. Selective 5-HT 1A-R-antagonist WAY 100 635 (1 μM) prevented the effects of 8-OH-DPAT in situ.

CONCLUSION:

5-HT 1A-R-agonist 8-OH-DPAT activates spontaneous breathing without diminishing opioid-induced antinociception in rats.

IMPLICATIONS: The serotonin 1A-receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, at a dose sufficient to stimulate spontaneous breathing, does not activate nociceptive reflexes, and it counteracts opioid-induced ventilatory depression without diminishing antinociception in rats.