Nephrosis and a rapid decline in kidney function characterize HIV-associated nephropathy
(HIVAN). Histologically, HIVAN is a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with
prominent tubular damage. We explored the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated
lipocalin (NGAL), a marker of tubular injury, to determine whether this protein has the
potential to aid in the noninvasive diagnosis of HIVAN. We found that expression of urinary
NGAL was much higher in patients with biopsy-proven HIVAN than in HIV-positive and HIV …