Leukocyte recruitment, accumulation, and activation have been both a unifying and enigmatic feature of a variety of autoimmune pathologies. While these processes were not well-known for decades, recent scientific discoveries have underscored the importance of specific chemokines in the evolution of autoimmunity. This has been supported by in vivo data from clinical studies and animal model experiments. Although chemokines are an attractive target for drug development, there are hurdles that need to be cleared. Nonetheless, the quest to understand chemokine biology and develop effective therapies continues to capture the imagination of scientists in academia and pharma alike.