Toll-like receptors (TLR) mediate recognition of several microbial products. Accumulating
evidence indicates that TLR are capable of inducing distinct responses in dendritic cells and
other antigen-presenting cells, and can direct T-helper cell differentiation in opposing
directions. The generation of such varied responses is achieved through the selective
utilization of adaptor molecules that link TLR to distinct signal transduction pathways. The
ability of TLR to activate and guide innate and adaptive immunity has the potential to be …