The multifunctional, morphologically complex salivary glands are essential to the biological success of ticks and are intricately involved in the transmission of pathogens. They are innervated, and there is convincing evidence that dopamine is a neurotransmitter at the neuroeffector junction controlling fluid secretion. As feeding progresses, the rate of salivary fluid secretion increases greatly, enabling the ixodid tick to concentrate the bloodmeal by returning excess water and ions to the host. Saliva in feeding ticks is rich in bioactive components and exhibits a range of pharmacological properties. Factors idenн tified in saliva or salivary glands include cement to help anchor the mouthparts to the host, various enzymes and inhibitors, histamine agonists and antagonists, prostaglandins, anti hemostatic factors, and immuno-modulating factors. A seн cretion from the salivary glands allows ticks to absorb water from the air during the lengthy periods off their hosts. The physiology of this remarkable organ provides a striking example of strategies that have evolved to meet the chalн lenge of a unique parasitic life style.