Recent evidence has implicated protein kinase C (PKC) as an important mediator underlying multiple aspects of myocardial function. We and others have recently reported that PKC is involved in Ca²⁺-induced inotropy, in mediating myocardial preconditioning by diverse stimuli both in animals and humans, and in the signaling processes which lead to the production of proinflammatory mediators (cytokines). The purposes of this manuscript are to explore the role of PKC in normal myocardial contraction, the role of PKC in mediating protection, the role of PKC in inflammation, and the importance of inflammation regarding myocardial injury.