Mutations in genes encoding cardiac ion channels and their subunits are responsible for several genetic cardiac disorders. We characterised the human gene KCNA7, encoding the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1. 7 and compared its coding sequence with that of the mouse orthologue, kcna7. Both genes are encoded by two exons separated by a conserved intron, unlike all the other Kv1-family genes that contain intronless coding regions. KCNA7 and kcna7 encode proteins of 456 amino acid residues that share> 95% sequence identity, and the mouse channel has biophysical and pharmacological properties closely resembling the ultra-rapidly activating delayed rectifier (I Kur) in cardiac tissue. Using reverse transcriptase-PCR, KCNA7 mRNA was detected in adult human heart. We determined that KCNA7 resides on chromosome 19q13. 3 in a region that also contains the progressive familial heart block I (PFHBI) locus. Direct sequencing of KCNA7's coding sequence in PFHB1-affected individuals revealed no pathogenic sequence changes, but two single nucleotide polymorphisms detected in exon 2 result in amino acid substitutions. These results provide evidence for the exclusion of this candidate as the PFHB1-causative gene, although mutations in regulatory and non-coding regions cannot be excluded. As ion channel-encoding genes have been implicated in a growing number of genetic conditions, the data presented may facilitate further analysis of the role of KCNA7 and its product in the heart.