Distinct roles for DC-SIGN+-dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in HIV-1 transmission

L de Witte, A Nabatov, TBH Geijtenbeek - Trends in molecular medicine, 2008 - cell.com
L de Witte, A Nabatov, TBH Geijtenbeek
Trends in molecular medicine, 2008cell.com
Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to mediate HIV-1 transmission but it is becoming evident
that different DC subsets at the sites of infection have distinct roles. In the genital tissues, two
different DC subsets are present: the Langerhans cells (LCs) and the DC-SIGN+-DCs.
Although DC-SIGN+-DCs mediate HIV-1 transmission, recent data demonstrate that LCs
prevent HIV-1 transmission by clearing invading HIV-1 particles. However, this protective
function of LCs is dependent on the function of the C-type lectin Langerin: blocking Langerin …
Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to mediate HIV-1 transmission but it is becoming evident that different DC subsets at the sites of infection have distinct roles. In the genital tissues, two different DC subsets are present: the Langerhans cells (LCs) and the DC-SIGN+-DCs. Although DC-SIGN+-DCs mediate HIV-1 transmission, recent data demonstrate that LCs prevent HIV-1 transmission by clearing invading HIV-1 particles. However, this protective function of LCs is dependent on the function of the C-type lectin Langerin: blocking Langerin function by high virus concentrations enables HIV-1 transmission by LCs. Here, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in HIV-1 transmission and viral clearance. A better understanding of these processes is crucial to understand and develop strategies to combat transmission.
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