Venous thromboembolic disease in users of low-estrogen combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives

S Sidney, DB Petitti, GA Soff, DL Cundiff, KK Tolan… - Contraception, 2004 - Elsevier
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between venous thromboembolic disease (VTE)
and use of low-estrogen dose (< 50 μg) combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives
(OC) and three thrombosis-related gene mutations in a United States population. DESIGN:
This case-control study was conducted in 1998–2000 among women ages 15–44 years who
were members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program [KPMCP](Northern and
Southern California). Cases were women with incident VTE; about three times as many …