Organ transplantation has become a standard life-saving therapy for many causes of end
stage organ failure. Although valuable, it remains hampered by the requirement for, and
complications of, immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted
organ. It is now clear that rejection can be avoided in some experimental systems without a
requirement of immunosuppressive medication, and these experimental concepts are now
making their way into the clinic in the form of early transplantation tolerance trials. This …