Hyperglycemia is a major independent risk factor for diabetic macrovascular disease. The
consequences of exposure of endothelial cells to hyperglycemia are well established.
However, little is known about how adipocytes respond to both acute as well as chronic
exposure to physiological levels of hyperglycemia. Here, we analyze adipocytes exposed to
hyperglycemia both in vitro as well as in vivo. Comparing cells differentiated at 4 mm to cells
differentiated at 25 mm glucose (the standard differentiation protocol) reveals severe insulin …