Death by design: apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy

AL Edinger, CB Thompson - Current opinion in cell biology, 2004 - Elsevier
Current opinion in cell biology, 2004Elsevier
Apoptosis is the principal mechanism by which cells are physiologically eliminated in
metazoan organisms. During apoptotic death, cells are neatly carved up by caspases and
packaged into apoptotic bodies as a mechanism to avoid immune activation. Recently,
necrosis, once thought of as simply a passive, unorganized way to die, has emerged as an
alternate form of programmed cell death whose activation might have important biological
consequences, including the induction of an inflammatory response. Autophagy has also …
Apoptosis is the principal mechanism by which cells are physiologically eliminated in metazoan organisms. During apoptotic death, cells are neatly carved up by caspases and packaged into apoptotic bodies as a mechanism to avoid immune activation. Recently, necrosis, once thought of as simply a passive, unorganized way to die, has emerged as an alternate form of programmed cell death whose activation might have important biological consequences, including the induction of an inflammatory response. Autophagy has also been suggested as a possible mechanism for non-apoptotic death despite evidence from many species that autophagy represents a survival strategy in times of stress. Recent advances have helped to define the function of and mechanism for programmed necrosis and the role of autophagy in cell survival and suicide.
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