Endotoxin can induce MyD88‐deficient dendritic cells to support Th2 cell differentiation

T Kaisho, K Hoshino, T Iwabe, O Takeuchi… - International …, 2002 - academic.oup.com
T Kaisho, K Hoshino, T Iwabe, O Takeuchi, T Yasui, S Akira
International immunology, 2002academic.oup.com
Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling activates dendritic cells (DC) to secrete proinflammatory
cytokines and up‐regulate co‐stimulatory molecule expression, thereby linking innate and
adaptive immunity. A TLR‐associated adapter protein, MyD88, is essential for cytokine
production induced by TLR. However, in response to a TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide
(LPS), MyD88‐deficient (MyD88–/–) DC can up‐regulate co‐stimulatory molecule
expression and enhance their T cell stimulatory activity, indicating that the MyD88 …
Abstract
Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling activates dendritic cells (DC) to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and up‐regulate co‐stimulatory molecule expression, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity. A TLR‐associated adapter protein, MyD88, is essential for cytokine production induced by TLR. However, in response to a TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), MyD88‐deficient (MyD88–/–) DC can up‐regulate co‐stimulatory molecule expression and enhance their T cell stimulatory activity, indicating that the MyD88‐independent pathway through TLR4 can induce some features of DC maturation. In this study, we have further characterized function of LPS‐stimulated, MyD88–/– DC. In response to LPS, wild‐type DC could enhance their ability to induce IFN‐γ production in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (alloMLR). In contrast, in response to LPS, MyD88–/– DC augmented their ability to induce IL‐4 instead of IFN‐γ in alloMLR. Impaired production of Th1‐inducing cytokines in MyD88–/– DC cannot fully account for their increased Th2 cell‐supporting ability, because absence of Th1‐inducing cytokines in DC caused impairment of IFN‐γ, but did not lead to augmentation of IL‐4 production in alloMLR. In vivo experiments with adjuvants also revealed Th2‐skewed immune responses in MyD88–/– mice. These results demonstrate that the MyD88‐independent pathway through TLR4 can confer on DC the ability to support Th2 immune responses.
Oxford University Press