The transport of specific molecules across lipid membranes is an essential function of all
living organisms and a large number of specific transporters have evolved to carry out this
function. The largest transporter gene family is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter
superfamily. These proteins translocate a wide variety of substrates including sugars, amino
acids, metal ions, peptides, and proteins, and a large number of hydrophobic compounds
and metabolites across extra-and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are essential for …