Extracellular stimuli are transmitted intracellularly by signaling cascades that involve the interaction of macromolecules and/or the generation of second messenger molecules that transduce signaling events over a distance between the origin and target of a signal. One class of such second messenger molecules is generated via phosphorylation of phosphoinositides on the D-3 position by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). These products of PI3K can act on multiple downstream effectors that include Src homology-2 (SH2) and Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases and various cytoskeletal proteins (reviewed by