Aquaporin-2 water channels and vasopressin antagonists in edematous disorders

RW Schrier, M Ohara, B Rogachev, L Xu… - Molecular genetics and …, 1998 - Elsevier
These neurohumoral pathways are activated progressively as cardiac failure worsens (Fig.
3). In the presence of New York Heart Association Class II cardiac failure, plasma
vasopressin, renin, aldosterone, and norepinephrine may be normal; however, this degree
of plasma volume expansion in normal subjects would lead to suppression of these
hormones. The nonosmotic release of vasopressin during arterial underfilling involves the
vagus and glossopharyngeal pathways from high-pressure baroreceptors. These neural …