Enhanced T cell proliferation and increased responder frequency following delivery of antigen to the antigen-presenting cell; B cell dependency and use in detection …

EJ Stevens, M Peakman - Journal of immunological methods, 1998 - Elsevier
Reported frequencies of peripheral blood autoantigen-specific cells in autoimmune
diseases are typically low, which could be due to true scarcity or to limitations of in vitro
assays. In the present study, antigens were targeted to the antigen-presenting cell (APC) to
enhance T cell proliferation, using an antigen delivery system (ADS), consisting of
biotinylated anti-IgG, streptavidin and biotinylated antigen. This was able to bind B cells and
monocytes and was internalized within 24 hours. T cell proliferation to tetanus toxoid was at …