C-C chemokine–encoding DNA vaccines enhance breakdown of tolerance to their gene products and treat ongoing adjuvant arthritis
J. Clin. Invest. Sawsan Youssef, et al. 106:361 doi:10.1172/JCI9109 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Prevention of AA by C-C chemokine–targeted DNA vaccines. Six groups of ten Lewis rats were exposed to four weekly administrations of various naked DNA vaccines including MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES. Control rats were injected with either the pcDNA3 vector alone or with PBS. Three weeks after the last immunization, all rats were immunized with CFA to induce active AA. AA was scored (daily during the acute phase of disease, weekly during its chronic phase) by an observer blind to the experimental procedure. Leg swelling was also determined. On day 30, four representative rats per group were sacrificed and joints were removed for histological analysis (see Figure 2 and Table 1). Clinical scores and differences in leg swelling are show as mean of ten rats (days 10–30) or 6 rats (day 31–on) ± SE.