Morphometric analysis of neointima formation. (a and b) Comparison between Mdk^+/+ and Mdk^–/– mice; (c) comparison between Mdk^–/– mice treated with either saline, albumin, or MK protein. (a) The mean ratios between the areas of the intimal lesion and the media (IL/M) and standard deviations for Mdk^+/+ and Mdk^–/–. The difference between Mdk^+/+ and Mdk^–/– mice was statistically significant (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney test). (b) Circumferences of the external elastic lamina (EEL) and lumen (Lumen). The circumference of the lumen was significantly different between Mdk^+/+ and Mdk^–/– mice (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney test). In all plots, the open columns indicate Mdk^+/+ mice, and the filled columns indicate Mdk^–/–. NS, not significant. (c) The mean ratios (IL/M) and standard deviations for Mdk^–/– mice treated with saline, human albumin, or MK. The open column indicates mice treated with MK; the gray column indicates mice treated with human albumin; and the filled column indicates mice treated with saline. The difference between the MK-treated group and those treated with human albumin or saline was statistically significant (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney test).