Constitutive activation of an epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in asthma
J. Clin. Invest. Deepak Sampath, et al. 103:1353 doi:10.1172/JCI6130 [Go to this article.]

Figure 5
Increased levels of T cells with normal levels of IFN-γ expression in asthma. (a–f) Representative photomicrographs of endobronchial biopsy sections from a representative control (a, d, and e) and asthma (b, c, and f) subject after immunostaining with anti-CD3 mAb (a and b) and after in situ hybridization with ³⁵S-labeled IFN-γ cRNA using unstimulated (c and d) or PMA/ionomycin–stimulated (e and f) biopsies. In all cases, hybridization with ³⁵S-labeled IFN-γ RNA (sense probe) gave no detectable signal above background (not shown). Arrowheads indicate cells expressing IFN-γ mRNA. Scale bar: 15 μM. (g and h) Representative results of RT-PCR from endobronchial tissue (lanes 1–6) and from PMA/ionomycin–stimulated PMBCs (lane 7) using oligonucleotide primers for IFN-γ, IL-4, and β-actin. PCR products were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and then detected using ethidium bromide staining (g) or subsequent Southern blotting with ³²P-labeled cDNA probes (h).