Constitutive activation of an epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in asthma
J. Clin. Invest. Deepak Sampath, et al. 103:1353 doi:10.1172/JCI6130 [Go to this article.]

Figure 4
Stat1 activation correlates with ICAM-1 and Stat1 expression in airway epithelium. (a–f) Representative photomicrographs of endobronchial biopsy sections from control (a and d), asthma (b and e), and chronic bronchitis (c and f) subjects immunostained with anti–ICAM-1 (a–c) or anti-Stat1 (d–f) mAb. Primary Ab binding was detected using a biotinylated secondary Ab and a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase complex; tissues were then counterstained with hematoxylin. Control staining with nonimmune IgG gave no detectable signal above background (not shown). Scale bar: 15 μM. (g and h) Quantitative analysis of Stat1 activation versus ICAM-1 (g) and Stat1 (h) immunostaining for all subjects. Values for the percentage of bronchial epithelial cells containing activated (translocated) Stat1 were determined as described in the legend to Figure 1. Values for ICAM-1 and Stat1 immunostaining were derived by quantitating the red intensity of epithelial immunostaining using an image analysis system.