Constitutive activation of an epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in asthma
J. Clin. Invest. Deepak Sampath, et al. 103:1353 doi:10.1172/JCI6130 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
Stat1 activation and colocalization with ICAM-1 expression in asthma detected in airway epithelial tissue. Representative photomicrographs from scanning laser confocal microscopy of endobronchial biopsy sections from normal control (a, d, g, and j) and asthma (b, e, h, and k) subjects, and from normal control subjects after biopsy stimulation ex vivo with IFN-γ (c and f), TNF-α (i), or PMA (l). Tissues were immunostained with anti-Stat1 Ab (a–c), anti–ICAM-1 mAb (d–f), anti-p65 (component of NF-κB) pAb (g–i), or anti–c-fos (component of AP-1) pAb (j–l). Primary Ab binding was detected with TRITC- or FITC-conjugated secondary Ab and viewed with confocal microscopy scanned in 1-μM steps along the z axis. No fluorescence was detected for monolayers stained with nonimmune IgG or with only anti-mouse IgG (not shown). Scale bar: 15 μM.