Constitutive activation of an epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in asthma
J. Clin. Invest. Deepak Sampath, et al. 103:1353 doi:10.1172/JCI6130 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Stat1 activation in asthma detected by nuclear translocation in airway epithelial cells. (a–f) Representative immunofluorescence photomicrographs of bronchial epithelial cells brushed from control (a and d), asthma (b and e), and chronic bronchitis (c and f) subjects; immunostained with anti-Stat1 Ab plus TRITC-conjugated secondary Ab; and then counterstained with bisbenzimide to localize cell nuclei (indicated by arrowheads). (a–c) Stat1 plus bisbenzimide signals (red plus blue fluorescence). (d–f) Stat1 signal (red fluorescence). Control staining with nonimmune IgG gave no detectable signal above background (not shown). (g) Quantitative analysis of Stat1 nuclear translocation for all subjects. Values were derived by calculating the percentage of cells in which Stat1 colocalized with bisbenzimide out of 250 cytokeratin-staining cells per subject. Scale bar: 15 μM.