Maira G.R. Pitta, Audrey Romano, Sandrine Cabantous, Sandrine Henri, Awad Hammad, Bouréma Kouriba, Laurent Argiro, Musa el Kheir, Bruno Bucheton, Charles Mary, Sayda Hassan El-Safi, Alain Dessein
J Clin Invest.
2009;
119(8):2379–2387
doi:10.1172/JCI38813
This article Copyright © 2009, The American Society for Clinical Investigation
Abstract
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L-17 and IL-22 have been shown to increase protection against certain bacteria and fungal pathogens in experimental models. However, no human studies have demonstrated a crucial role of IL-17 and IL-22 in protection against infections. We show here that Leishmania donovani, which can cause the lethal visceral disease Kala Azar (KA), stimulates the differentiation of Th17 cells, which produce IL-17, IL-22, and IFN-γ. Analysis of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine responses by cultured PBMCs from individuals in a cohort of subjects who developed KA or were protected against KA during a severe outbreak showed that IL-17 and IL-22 were strongly and independently associated with protection against KA. Our results suggest that, along with Th1 cytokines, IL-17 and IL-22 play complementary roles in human protection against KA, and that a defect in Th17 induction may increase the risk of KA.
