Sphingosine-1-phosphate in the plasma compartment regulates basal and inflammation-induced vascular leak in mice
J. Clin. Invest. 119:7 doi:10.1172/JCI38575
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Figure 3
pS1Pless mice exhibit increased fluid accumulation in lung during PSA.

(A and B) Lung wet, dry, and wet/dry weights in pS1Pless mice (red circles) and controls (black circles) 90 seconds after DNP-albumin challenge in PSA model without (A) and 2 days after (B) transfusion with wild-type erythrocytes. Note that without transfusion, lung wet/dry weights were increased in pS1Pless mice relative to control mice after PSA, and this difference was absent after transfusion. P values were determined using the Student’s t test. Each point represents data for one mouse. The horizontal bars denote the mean. (C) Histology of lungs fixed 8 minutes after PSA (H&E stain) showing peribronchial fluid accumulation (arrows), likely representing extravasated plasma in lymphatics. This feature was much more prominent in pS1Pless mice. Alveolar wall thickening, suggesting interstitial fluid accumulation, red blood cells in airspace (arrowhead), and epithelial blebbing (asterisk), were also more prominent in pS1Pless mice compared with controls after PAF injection. Scale bars: 500 μm.