Islet transplantation in patients with autoimmune diabetes induces homeostatic cytokines that expand autoreactive memory T cells
J. Clin. Invest. Paolo Monti, et al. 118:1806 doi:10.1172/JCI35197 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
Detection and characterization of in vivo proliferating T cells following transplantation. (A) Percentage of fixed peripheral blood lymphocytes expressing Ki-67, a nuclear marker of ongoing proliferation, in 5 normal nondiabetic subjects (controls), 3 patients with type 1 diabetes who received rapamycin (Rapa) as monotherapy prior to islet transplantation (tx), and 10 patients with type 1 diabetes before and after islet transplantation. In 2 of these patients, immunosuppression was stopped as a result of graft failure. Significant increases between medians are indicated. (B) A single representative case (from 10 studied) of sequential CD3⁺ T cell counts and the frequency of Ki-67⁺ lymphocytes after islet transplantation. (C) Phenotype of peripheral blood Ki-67⁺ cells in representative patient hSR-056-ITA-Ed07 following islet transplantation. Cells were stained for Ki-67 together with an isotype control, CD45RO, the IL-7 receptor CD127, CD3, CD4, or CD8. Numbers denote percentage of cells in the respective quadrants.