Impact of bacteria on the phenotype, functions, and therapeutic activities of invariant NKT cells in mice
J. Clin. Invest. Sungjune Kim, et al. 118:2301 doi:10.1172/JCI33071 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Multiple bacterial microorganisms activate murine iNKT cells, resulting in hyporesponsiveness of splenocytes to subsequent in vitro challenge with α-GalCer (αGC). In vivo response of mice to treatment with heat-killed or live bacteria at day 1 (A) or week 3 (B). Mice were injected with α-GalCer (5 μg/mouse, i.p.) or with the indicated heat-killed or live bacteria (i.v.) and sacrificed at day 1 or week 3, and spleen or liver mononuclear cells were prepared and stained with anti–TCR-β–FITC, anti-CD69–FITC, anti-NK1.1–PE, anti-B220–PerCP, and CD1d-tetramer–APC and analyzed by flow cytometry. Numbers indicate the percentage of TCR-β⁺tetramer⁺ cells among B220^– cells or the percentage of NK1.1^– cells among iNKT cells. The shaded areas represent the staining of naive iNKT cells, and the solid lines represent the staining of iNKT cells from mice treated with α-GalCer or bacteria. Representative plots from 4–8 mice per group are shown. LM, L. monocytogenes.