Secretoneurin promotes neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity via the Jak2/Stat3 pathway in murine models of stroke
J. Clin. Invest. Woei-Cherng Shyu, et al. 118:133 doi:10.1172/JCI32723 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Cerebral ischemia increases expression of SN in human and rat brain. (A) Representative brain of a stroke patient; boxed region shows infarct area. IHC studies of the penumbral area showed markedly increased SN-IR. (B) SN-IR in the stroke patients’ brains significantly increased at 1 and 3 days after cerebral infarction compared with that of controls. (C and D) IHC and quantitative analysis of SN-IR of animal cerebral ischemia (boxed region) showed greater numbers of SN-IR cells compared with controls. (E and F) Measurement of SN level using ELISA at the indicated time points showed a significant increase of SN expression in both ischemic rats’ brains and stroke patients’ sera compared with controls. (G) Double immunofluorescence with laser-scanning confocal microscopy of ischemic rat brain specimens. The ischemic cortical areas of the rats revealed SN-IR cells coexpressing Neu-N⁺. Some SN-IR cells showing vascular phenotypes (SMA⁺ cells) were also found around the perivascular and endothelial regions of the ischemic hemispheres. Data are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control. Scale bars: 50 μm.