Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway
J. Clin. Invest. Kevin J. Tracey, et al. 117:289 doi:10.1172/JCI30555 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
Cholinergic signaling mediated by α7 nAChR in cytokine-producing cells. Cholinergic signals derived from vagus nerve stimulation inhibit the release of TNF, IL-1, HMGB1, and other cytokines by transducing a cellular signal that inhibits the nuclear activity of NF-κB. TNFR, TNF receptor. Modified with permission from Nature Medicine (27).