Artificial lymph nodes induce potent secondary immune responses in naive and immunodeficient mice
J. Clin. Invest. Noriaki Okamoto, et al. 117:997 doi:10.1172/JCI30379 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
Generation of aLNs. Immunohistochemical staining shows that aLNs formed in NP-OVA–preimmunized EGFP transgenic BALB/c mice (A–F). After their formation, aLNs were removed and transplanted into renal subcapsular regions of SCID mice, and then mice were immunized intravenously with NP-OVA. Immunohistochemical staining in the spleens of SCID mouse recipients carrying aLNs (G and H). Spleen cells were examined after the second immunization with NP-OVA. Increased numbers of IgG1 AFCs (G), compared with few IgG2 AFCs (H), were observed in SCID mouse spleens. Antibodies used were as follows: biotin-labeled anti-mouse B220 and Qdot 605 streptavidin conjugate (A); anti-mouse FDC-M1 and Alexa Fluor 594 conjugate (B); biotin-labeled anti-mouse CD11c and Qdot 605 streptavidin conjugate (C); biotin-labeled anti-mouse CD3 and Qdot 605 streptavidin conjugate; biotin-labeled anti-mouse CD4 and Qdot 605 streptavidin conjugate (E); biotin-labeled anti-mouse CD8 and Qdot 605 streptavidin conjugate (F); biotin-labeled anti-mouse IgG1 and Qdot 605 streptavidin conjugate (G); biotin-labeled anti-mouse IgG2b and Qdot 605 streptavidin conjugate (H). (C) The area circled in yellow shows the T cell area. Original magnification, ×100.