Upon entering cells of various types, numerous glucose-derived metabolites are sensed by a variety of cellular sensors, including glycogen synthase, ChREBP, AMPK, SIRT1–PGC-1α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), and K_ATP channels. Via its diverse metabolites and their sensors, glucose entering the cell changes gene transcription, modulates signal transduction networks, and alters substrate flux through anabolic and catabolic pathways. ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FA, fatty acid; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; GLUT, facilitative glucose transporter; GP, glycogen phosphorylase; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; GS, glycogen synthase; HK/GK, hexokinase/glucokinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; OXA, oxaloacetate; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway.