CD40 induces macrophage anti–Toxoplasma gondii activity by triggering autophagy-dependent fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles and lysosomes
J. Clin. Invest. Rosa M. Andrade, et al. 116:2366 doi:10.1172/JCI28796 [Go to this article.]

Figure 6
Vacuole/lysosome fusion mediates macrophage antimicrobial activity induced by CD40. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated with control or anti-CD40 mAbs or with IFN-γ/LPS, then infected with T. gondii. (A and B) Pepstatin (50 μM) was added 1 hour after infection. Percentage of infected macrophages and parasite load was assessed by light microscopy at 1 and 18 hours after challenge. (C–E) Bafilomycin A (BFA; 25 nM) was added 1 hour before infection with T. gondii. (C) Expression of cathepsin D was examined by immunofluorescence 8 hours after infection. (D) Percentage of infected macrophages and parasite load were assessed at 1 and 18 hours after challenge. (E) Parasite load was determined at 18 hours. Results are shown as the mean ± SD and are representative of 4 independent experiments.