CTLA4 blockade and GM-CSF combination immunotherapy alters the intratumor balance of effector and regulatory T cells
J. Clin. Invest. Sergio A. Quezada, et al. 116:1935 doi:10.1172/JCI27745 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
Chronic CTLA4 blockade increases the frequency of Tregs in the lymph nodes without permanently altering their regulatory activity. Mice were treated for a 2-week period with 100 μg anti-CTLA4 or control mouse Ig every other day. Lymph nodes were harvested and stained for CD4, CD25, and Foxp3. Data are presented as cytometric dot plots and graphically as percentages and absolute numbers of CD4⁺CD25⁺ (A), CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ (B), and CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ cells gated on the CD25^– population (C). (D) CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs were isolated from mice treated/untreated with anti-CTLA4 for 2 weeks and tested for their ability to suppress naive CD4⁺CD25^– T cell expansion in vitro in response to irradiated T cell–depleted splenocytes and 10 μg/ml anti-CD3. [³H]thymidine was added for the last 8 hours of a 72-hour culture. The numbers in the upper-right corners of the dot plots represent the percentage of cells in that quadrant, and the data are representative of 3 independent experiments with 3 independently analyzed mice/group.