Survival kinases regulate cell death through the phosphorylation of common substrates of the apoptotic machinery and cellular metabolism. PI3K generates PIP₃, and PTEN converts PIP₃ back to PIP₂, negatively regulating PI3K signaling. PIP3 recruits PDK1, ILK, and Akt to the cell membrane. PDK1, ILK, and the rictor-mTOR complex are important for the activation of Akt. Expression of both SGK1 and Pim kinases is inducible. Akt, SGK1, and Pim kinases share common substrates of the apoptosis machinery and cellular metabolism, depicted as color-coded overlapping boxes (see text for full description). PFK2, phosphofructokinase-2.