The role of insulin receptor substrate 2 in hypothalamic and β cell function
J. Clin. Invest. Agharul I. Choudhury, et al. 115:940 doi:10.1172/JCI24445 [Go to this article.]

Figure 6
Characterization of RIPCre neurons by ICC, ISH, and electrophysiological analysis. (A and B) Dual ISH for POMC and ICC for GFP was performed on hypothalamic sections from RIPCreZEG mice. Representative low- (A) and high-power (B) views are shown. (C and D) Dual ISH for NPY and ICC for GFP was performed on hypothalamic sections from RIPCreZEG mice. Representative low- (C) and high-power (D) views are shown. ARC, arcuate nucleus. (E) Fluorescence ICC for POMC was performed on hypothalamic sections from RIPCreZEG mice. Neurons expressing POMC are red and those expressing GFP are green. Arrows indicate noncolocalized neurons and GFP neurons that are abutted by POMC fibers. A representative confocal image is shown. Scale bars: 50 μm (A and C) and 10 μm (B, D, and E). (F–I) Current-clamp recordings were made from RIPCreZEG neurons in the absence and presence of the mixed melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist MTII, as indicated above the traces. (F) Representative recording demonstrating MTII depolarization, resulting in a small increase in spike frequency (G). This depolarization is more clearly represented in neurons that have sub-spike thresholds, achieved by application of a constant hyperpolarizing current (H). MTII also depolarizes neurons in the presence of TTX (I), indicative of a direct action. The action potentials in panel H have been truncated to show clearly the depolarizing effect of MTII. Note that the MTII depolarization was irreversible over the time course of the recordings in cells represented in H and I.