Genetic essential tremor in γ-aminobutyric acid_A receptor α1 subunit knockout mice
J. Clin. Invest. Jason E. Kralic, et al. 115:774 doi:10.1172/JCI23625 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
GABA_A receptor α1^–/– mice exhibit essential-like tremor. Normal physiologic tremor (wide range of low-power frequencies, 25–40 Hz) was observed in α1^+/+, α1^+/–, and α1^–/– mice. Knockout mice also exhibited pathologic tremor (small range of high-power frequencies, 17–21 Hz) characteristic of essential tremor. Representative voltage tracings and Fourier transformation of tremor-induced displacement is shown for α1^+/+ (A), α1^+/– (B), and α1^–/– (C) mice. (A) α1^+/+ mice exhibit a tremor with a mean maximal power of 2.6 × 10¹¹ ± 3.2 × 10¹¹ N and a mean frequency of 32.1 ± 0.6 Hz (n = 16); (B) α1^+/– mice, mean maximal power of 6.0 × 10¹¹ ± 1.1 × 10¹¹ N and mean frequency of 35.0 ± 1.9 Hz (n = 5); (C) α1^–/– mice, mean maximal power of 24.3 × 10¹¹ ± 4.2 × 10¹¹ N and mean frequency of 19.3 ± 0.9 Hz (n = 13). Tremor is plotted as the voltage generated upon displacement of the transducer as a function of time (seconds). The power of individual frequencies that contribute to the overall tremor was determined by Fourier transformation of the voltage trace over time.