How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care?
J. Clin. Invest. Greet Van den Berghe, et al. 114:1187 doi:10.1172/JCI23506 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
A diagrammatic representation of energy production in mitochondria and the mechanism of peroxynitrite generation. Excessive glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation may result in more peroxynitrite generation in the critically ill. The ensuing nitration of mitochondrial complexes I and IV, MnSOD, GAPDH, and VDAC may suppress the activity of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain, impair detoxification of superoxide, shuttle glucose into toxic pathways, and increase apoptosis, respectively. These toxic effects may explain organ and cellular system failure related to adverse outcome in the critically ill. Proteins that are nitrated are indicated by the letter N in a yellow circle. Figure adapted with permission from American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology (44). TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle; CoQ, coenzyme Q; Cyt c, cytochrome c; mtNOS, mitochondrial NO synthase; ANT, adenine nucleotide translocase; SCOT, succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA-transferase, ONOO^–, peroxynitrite; F0, the portion of the mitochondrial ATP synthase that channels protons through the membrane.