Functional activities of CXCL1 and CXCL10 in human PTC cell lines. (A) Stimulation with CXCL1 and CXCL10 (100 ng/ml) induced time-dependent ERK and AKT activation in TPC1 cells. Cell lysates were harvested at the indicated time points; Western blots were probed with the indicated antibodies. (B) BrdU incorporation was measured to evaluate S-phase entry upon treatment with CXCL1 or CXCL10 or the indicated inhibitors. The average of the results of 3 independent experiments ± SD is indicated. (C) TPC1 cells were allowed to migrate for 24 hours toward serum-free medium or, where indicated, a gradient of CXCL1 or CXCL10. Where indicated, cells were preincubated with blocking antibodies, control antibodies, chemical inhibitors, or PTX. Cells were treated with either BRAF siRNA or U0126. Representative micrographs (left) and absorbance at 570 nm (average ± SD of 3 experiments; right) are shown.