Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin directly targets mitochondria and induces Bax-independent apoptosis
of human neutrophils
J. Clin. Invest. Anne-Laure Genestier, et al. 115:3117 doi:10.1172/JCI22684 [
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Figure 4Effect of the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk on rPVL-induced PMN apoptosis. PMNs were incubated with zVAD-fmk (100 μM) for 1 hour, then with medium or 5 nM rPVL. (
A) PMN morphology was observed after 6 hours using TEM. Scale bars: 20 μm. (
B) DNA fragmentation was analyzed at 6 hours using the F7-26 mAb; the number indicated for each histogram represents the percentage of cells with fragmented DNA. (
C) The Δψm decrease after zVAD-fmk treatment was observed after 15 minutes of PMN exposure to medium or 5 nM rPVL. Results are mean ± SD of 3 data points. Data are from 1 of 3 independent experiments that gave similar results.
