Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin directly targets mitochondria and induces Bax-independent apoptosis
of human neutrophils
J. Clin. Invest. Anne-Laure Genestier, et al. 115:3117 doi:10.1172/JCI22684 [
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Figure 3Kinetics of plasma membrane and mitochondrial alterations during rPVL-induced PMN apoptosis. PMNs were incubated with medium or with 5 nM rPVL and studied for annexin V binding (
A), Δψm (
B), mitochondrial membrane alterations (staining with MitoTracker GreenFM) (
C), or ROS production (
D). Results in
A,
B, and
D are mean ± SD of 3 data points. Data are from 1 of 3 independent experiments that gave similar results. (
C) PMNs were observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Scale bars: 10 μm.
