Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin directly targets mitochondria and induces Bax-independent apoptosis of human neutrophils
J. Clin. Invest. Anne-Laure Genestier, et al. 115:3117 doi:10.1172/JCI22684 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
PMN apoptosis is induced by native as well as rPVL and culture supernatant of the S. aureus isogenic strains RN6390 expressing PVL. (A) PMNs were incubated with rLukF-PV, rLukS-PV, rPVL, or nPVL at various concentrations. Cell death was measured by surface binding of annexin V after 6 hours when treated with 5 nM rLukF-PV, 5 nM rLukS-PV, 5 nM rPVL, or 0.5 nPVL and after 1 hour when treated with 200 nM rPVL or 5 nM nPVL. (B) Culture supernatants of the S. aureus isogenic strains RN6390 (luk-PV -); RN6390 lysogenized with ΦSLT phage carrying luk-PV; or a deleted luk-PV (Δluk-PV) mutant of S. aureus RN6390 lysogenized with ΦSLT phage or rPVL were separated on 12% SDS-PAGE followed by Western blotting with anti–LukS-PV 1C12 mAb. PMNs were treated with a 1:2,000 dilution of culture supernatant of the S. aureus isogenic strains RN6390 (luk-PV -); RN6390 lysogenized with ΦSLT phage carrying luk-PV; or a deleted luk-PV (Δluk-PV) mutant of S. aureus RN6390 lysogenized with ΦSLT phage. PMN apoptosis was monitored by measuring the decrease in Δψm after 5 minutes and the surface binding of annexin V after 6 hours. Data are from 1 of 3 independent experiments that gave similar results.