Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells
J. Clin. Invest. Vishwa Deep Dixit, et al. 114:57 doi:10.1172/JCI21134 [
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Figure 4Ghrelin inhibits leptin-induced increase in inflammatory cytokines. (
A) The localization of the leptin receptor (Ob-R) on the surface of human T cells. (
B–
D) Anti-CD3 mAb-activated T cells from human adult donors (
n = 6) were incubated with various concentration of leptin or coincubated with various doses of ghrelin with a biologically optimal concentration of leptin (100 nM). Cytokine production and mRNA expression was evaluated after 24 hours of culture. The cytokines examined were (
B) IL-1β, (
C) IL-6, and (
D) TNF-α. (
E) Fold change in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression after normalization with GAPDH and measured by real-time RT-PCR. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (*
P < 0.05).
