Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells
J. Clin. Invest. Vishwa Deep Dixit, et al. 114:57 doi:10.1172/JCI21134 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
Ghrelin inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression from human PBMCs and T cells. Human PBMCs (n = 6) were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (1 μg/ml) (A–D), or T cells were activated via immobilized anti-CD3 antibody (E–H) in presence or absence of various doses of ghrelin (closed circles) and concomitantly with GHS-R antagonist, [D-Lys-3]-GHRP-6 (10^–4 M; open circles) for 24 hours. The harvested supernatants were subsequently assayed for IL-1β (A and E), IL-6 (B and F), and TNF-α (C and G) and TGF-β (D). The cytokine protein data is expressed as the mean ± SEM representing six healthy adult donors (*P < 0.05). (H) Fold change in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression in T cells after normalization with GAPDH, measured by real time RT-PCR.