Autophagic vacuoles in fibroblasts engineered for expression of mutant α₁ATZ. Transmission electron micrograph shows nascent autophagosomes (AVi) and degradative autophagosomes (AVd) intercalated within and around cisternae of rough ER (rER) that is dilated with granular material. N, nucleus; M, mitochondrion. Reproduced from ref. 25 with permission.